Elmurod A. Talipov

Login as a root from GUI Fedora 11

June 23, 2009

WARNING : It is not advised to login as root in graphical mode ! Be careful !

In Fedora 11 You cannot login from gui as a root.By Default only users are allowed to login from gui mode.

I Managed to Login as a root from GUI on Fedora 11. Follow these steps and you will able to Login as a root from GUI on Fedora 11

If You want to login as a root from GUI in fedora 11 then you have to edit something like some files which are located to /etc/pam.d/

Open your Te rminal from Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal

Now Login as a root from your terminal

Step 1 :- [elmurod@localhost]$ su – root
Password:-

Step 2:- Now go to your /etc/pam.d/ directory.

[root@localhost]# cd /etc/pam.d/

Then first take a backup of gdm file

cp gdm gdm.bkp ( always take backup if anything goes wrong you can correct it by original file)

Step 3 :- Now Open gdm file in your favourite editor. I am using vi as my editor.

[root@localhost pam.d]# vi gdm

Find and Comment or remove this line into your gdm file auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet

Step 4 :- Save & Exit From that File. ( In Fedora10 Till step 4 is enought to Login as a root from GUI but for Fedora 11 you need one more file to edit otherwise you cannot Login as a root even though you edited gdm file).

Step 5 :- Here is the additional file that you need to edit and that file name is gdm-password. Open gdm-password file in your favourite editor. I am using vi as my editor.

Then first take a backup of gdm-password file

cp gdm-password gdm-password.bkp ( always take backup if anything goes wrong you can correct it by original file)

[root@localhost pam.d]#vi gdm-password

Find and Comment or remove this line into your gdm file auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet

Step 6 :- Save & Exit from File. Now Press CTRL + ALT + BACKSPACE or Logout and Try to Login as a root user. Now you are able to Login as a root user from GUI in FEDORA 11.

If you are using Fedora 11’s Fingerprint Feature to Login as a root from GUI then you need to edit one more file also

Step 7 :- Here is the additional file that you need to edit for fingerprint root login and that file name is gdm-fingerprint. Open gdm-fingerprint file in your favourite editor. I am using vi as my editor.

Then first take a backup of gdm-password file

cp gdm-fingerprint gdm-fingerprint.bkp ( always take backup if anything goes wrong you can correct it by original file)

[root@barot.wordpress.com pam.d]#vi gdm-fingerprint

Find and Comment or remove this line into your gdm file auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet

Step 6 :- Save & Exit from File. Now Press CTRL + ALT + BACKSPACE or Logout and Try to Login as a root user. Now you are able to Login as a root user from GUI in FEDORA 11

Thanks

Tags: GUI root, Linux Fedora, Login

Posted in: Linux / Unix – No Comments

A Wireless Sensor Networks Bibliography

April 21, 2009

Here is the list of sensor network bibliography prepared by Autonomous Networks Research Group at USC. () means the number of papers available on this topic. I believe this list will be very useful to decide your future research, and write your related work.

Topic 1: Introduction
1. Visions and Applications (27)
2. Hardware (15)
3. Surveys and Taxonomy (6)

Topic 2: Deployment, Localization, Synchronization, Calibration
1. Deployment (99)
2. Localization (83)
3. Time Synchronization (26)
4. Calibration (8)

Topic 3: Wireless Communication
1. Wireless Radio and Link Characteristics (35)
2. MAC Protocols (67)
3. Link Layer Techniques (28)
4. Power Control (18)

Topic 4: Networking
1. Topology Control (43)
2. Data Gathering (33)
3. Geographic Routing (18)
4. Robust Routing (34)
5. Mobile Nodes (19)
6. Resource Aware Routing (20)
7. Autonomic Routing (5)
8. Network Monitoring (14)
9. Network Coding (4)

Topic 5: Data-centric Querying, Routing, and Storage
1. Routing and Aggregation (105)
2. Querying and Databases (36)
3. Storage (23)

Topic 6: Capacity and Lifetime
1. Capacity (23)
2. Lifetime Optimization (34)

Topic 7: Transport
1. Transport Layer (29)

Topic 8: Signal Processing and Computation
1. Target Tracking (36)
2. Diffuse Phenomena (10)
3. Compression (18)
4. Detection and Estimation (32)
5. Middleware and Task Allocation (11)
6. Distributed Algorithms (19)
7. Programming (5)

Topic 9: Security
1. Security (71)

Topic 10: Sensor Network Architecture
1. Sensor Network Architecture (9)

Topic 11: Miscellaneous
1. Software (35)
2. Sensing (2)

Due to the copyright I can’t not include complete list here. But, here is a {LINK} to the list.

Tags: Issues in WSN, SensorNet Bibliography

Posted in: Research Issues – 1 Comment

Sensor Network 802.15.4 AODV Simulation

April 14, 2009

The reason to write this topic is many people asked me how to simulate sensor networks. Obviously, authors of 802.15.4/Zigbee protocol developers on NS2 have given a sample examples. But, these examples do not run correctly, and give some kind of unknown error (at least I don’t know what errors mean). Therefore, I have decided to test AODV using 802.15.4 MAC/PHY. Thus, if my tests work, I hope you can test your own routing protocols using this source code.

Alright, the TCL file is fairly simple. I briefly explain what means what. We first set simulation environment. We are going to deploy 500 nodes, in 1000×500 sqm area, simulation time is 500 seconds. And we are using 802.15.4 MAC/PHY and interface queue is 100. We also set simulator and files to trace the simulation.

aodv_01

Let’s set radio transmission range to 40 meters, but this does not mean exactly 40 meters. The code below filters packet with receiving signal strength above “40 meters”.

aodv_02

And lets set topography as flat, deploy nodes randomly in an area of 1000 x 500 sqm.

aodv_03

And we are goig to deploy sink node in the center of area, i.e. at [500, 250].

aodv_04

The code below is useful how big the nodes are going to be shown in NAM (network animator), thus it does not have meaning in real simulation.

aodv_05

Finally, we have deployed nodes, and remained important thing is establish connection. We are going to use UDP protocol with CBR (constant bit rate, interval (interval_) is set to 2 seconds)

aodv_06

We have finished writing sample AODV TCL script, we can run it

$> ns aodv_802_15_4.tcl

NAM gives me following deployment result.

nam-aodv-802-15-4nam

Download whole source code here : aodv_802_15_4.tcl . If you find any problem with that, leave comment here. If you want to test your own routing protocol simply change $val(rp) AODV with your own.

Tags: 802.15.4, AODV, NS2, Routing Protocol, WPAN, Zigbee

Posted in: Network Simulator (NS2) – 9 Comments

How do I restart Linux network service?

April 8, 2009

RedHat Linux command to reload or restart network (login as root user):

# service network restart
OR
# /etc/init.d/network restart

To start Linux network service:
# service network start

To stop Linux network service:
# service network stop

Debian Linux command to reload or restart network:

# /etc/init.d/networking restart

To start Linux network service:
# /etc/init.d/networking start

To stop Linux network service:
# /etc/init.d/networking stop

Ubuntu Linux user use sudo command with above Debian Linux command:

# sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

To start Linux network service:
# sudo /etc/init.d/networking start

To stop Linux network service:
# sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop

Tags: init.d, Linux Fedora, Network Service

Posted in: Linux / Unix – No Comments

Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

April 8, 2009

Highly-Resilient, Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2001
Multipath Virtual Sink Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
Label-based Multipath Routing (LMR) in Wireless Sensor Networks 2004
Node-Disjoint Parallel Multi-Path Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2005
Minimum Energy Disjoint Path Routing in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (Mobicom 2003)
RELIABLE ENERGY AWARE ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 2007
Reliable Splitted Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks 2004
Towards Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks PPT
A Dependable Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
An energy-efficient multipath routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks 2003
A Scalable Priority-Based Multi-Path Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks 2005 (Missing)
Reliable Transfer on Wireless Sensor Networks 2004
MRC: Multiplicative-increase/additive-decrease Multipath Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks 2004
An Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
The energy-robustness tradeoff for routing in wireless sensor networks 2003
INSENS: Intrusion-Tolerant Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2003
Optimal Multi-sink Positioning and Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2005
Multi-objective Mobile Agent Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2005
Meshed multipath routing with selective forwarding: an efficient strategy in wireless sensor networks 2003
A priority-based multi-path routing protocol for sensor networks 2004
Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (Missing)
Energy Efficient Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks 2003
Multipath Routing in Sensor Networks
Multipath Routing for Data Dissemination in Energy Efficient Sensor Networks.
MidHopRoute: a multiple path routing framework for load balancing with service differentiation in wireless sensor networks 2006 (missing)
A Fault-tolerant Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks 2004
Minimizing Latency in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey
Reducing Congestion Effects in Wireless Networks by Multipath Routing 2006
Multi-path delivery with selective quality along different paths(missing)
H-SPREAD: A hybrid multipath scheme for secure and reliable data (missing)
MIMO Techniques in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
Efficient Routing from Multiple Sources to Multiple Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks 2007
Multi Mobile Agent Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks
A Low-Latency Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
A Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
PSGR: Priority-based Stateless Geo-Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 2005
DISJOINT AND BRAIDED MULTIPATH ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 2005
Trade-Off between Traffic Overhead and Reliability in Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks 2003
Energy-balancing multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks 2006
Spatial energy balancing through proactive multipath routing in wireless multihop networks 2007
Disjoint multipath routing using colored trees 2007
A Power Balanced Multipath Routing Protocol inWireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks 2006
Multipath Disjoint Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks 2005
A distributed admission control system for MANET environments supporting multipath routing protocols 2007
An Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Multiple-Choice Routing Path Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
A Novel Multipath Disjoint Routing to Support Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
Performance evaluation: Node-disjointness-based multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks 2004
Routing & performance modelling: Multipath routing and multiple description coding in ad-hoc networks: a simulation study 2004
Reliable Multipath Information Dissemination via Label Forwarding in Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
MMSPEED: Multipath Multi-SPEED Protocol for QoS Guarantee of Reliability and Timeliness in Wireless Sensor Networks 2006
Performance of multipath routing for on-demand protocols in mobile ad hoc networks 2001
Routing optimizations: Minimum energy disjoint path routing in wireless ad-hoc networks 2003
Multipath Fresnel Zone Routing for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2004)
A Survey on Dependable Routing in Sensor Networks, Ad hoc Networks, and Cellular Networks 2004

Tags: Energy, Multipath Routing, WSN

Posted in: Research Issues – No Comments

NS2: Printing Routing Table in AODV

April 8, 2009

Actually you can find all this information in trace file which NS2 made, however using following code simplifies getting required informaiton during running time. The code stores

Add following code to aodv.h after void rt_down(aodv_rt_entry *rt);

Add following code to aodv.cc after void AODV::rt_down(aodv_rt_entry *rt)

rt_print_code

The function (rt_print) can be used anywhere in AODV. For example, I am using the function, when route request generated node receives route reply message (RREP).

Tags: AODV, NS2, Routing Table

Posted in: Network Simulator (NS2) – No Comments

A Wireless Sensor Networks Bibliography

Sensor Network 802.15.4 AODV Simulation

How do I restart Linux network service?

Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

NS2: Printing Routing Table in AODV

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